1	Academic Honesty: How Can We Make It Happen? Or Teaching the Joy of Citation
2	Goals of Workshop This workshop aims to explore issues surrounding academic honesty. More specifically, in it we will seek to understand the complexities of the subject to examine students’ perspectives to consider reactions or penalties to review Hawkeye Community College’s policy to consider teaching practices that may deter academic dishonesty
3	Definitions Plagiarism Copyright Infringement Originality Imitation Patchwriting Common Knowledge Copyleft Appropriation Open Source Open Content Academic Dishonesty Citation Attribution Allusion Common Content
4	The Moral Talk about Plagiarism The continuum of iniquity Donald McCabe and the Center for Academic Integrity (CAI) Honor codes The trouble with talking about morality
5	Barriers to students’ understanding They may be affected by popular culture’s nonchalance toward borrowing text, art, music. They may never have been taught. They may have gotten away with not citing and so they don’t understand the importance. They may come from a culture that has different attitudes toward using others’ words. They may be more focused on earning the credential than on learning through doing.
6	Citing in Academia -- not as easy as it looks Differences between disciplines Different assumptions than in other contexts Complexities of citing from different types of sources Focusing on the need to document where you learned things
7	Deterring Plagiarism--the Institution Code -- Hawkeye Community College Policy Consistency of punishments Publishing of punishments Community focus on ethical behavior
8	Deterring Plagiarism -- The Classroom Discuss, discuss, discuss Emphasize the responsibility of a member of the academic community Put on your syllabus information about the importance of proper attribution Review that information with the class Talk about citation (your own practice and citation as it occurs in readings) Talk about plagiarism, look at paper mills, discuss plagiarism-checking sites
9	More ways to deter plagiarism Make assignments that are individualized, that relate to the course work specifically Change your topics from time to time Teach students how to cite (exercises, anatomy of a citation, paraphrase exercises) Require evidence of the research and writing process Make assignments where students use research in different ways: separate the research from the paper to help them learn (see WPA Statement on Best Practices)
10	Ways to detect plagiarism Source: Peggy Bates and Margaret Fain in Kimbel Library Presentations (Coastal Carolina University) Cheating 101: Detecting Plagiarized Papers 1. Writing style, language, vocabulary, tone, grammar, etc. is above or below what the student usually produces. It doesn't sound like the student. 2. Spelling or idioms used are not found in the students' native language
11	More Ways to Detect Plagiarism 3. Sections or sentences do not relate to the overall content of the paper. Students may "personalize" a paper by adding a paragraph that ties the paper to the class assignment 4. Pronouns do not agree with the gender of the writer. 5. Look for strange text at the top or bottom of printed pages.
12	More Ways to Detect Plagiarism 6. Look for gray letters in the text, often an indication that the page was downloaded from the web, since color letters on a screen show up gray in a printout. 7. Essays are printed out from the student's web browser. 8. Web addresses left at the top or bottom of the page. Many free essays have a tag line at the end of the essay that students often miss.
13	More Ways to Detect Plagiarism 9. Strange or poor layout. Papers that have been downloaded and re-printed often have page numbers, headings, or spacing that just don't look right. 10. References to graphs, charts, or accompanying material that isn't there. 11. References to professors, classes, or class numbers that are not taught at Coastal Carolina University. 12. Quotes in the paper do not have citations.
14	More Ways to Detect Plagiarism 13. Citations are to materials not owned by Kimbel Library or are all from another country. 14. Citations in the bibliography or works cited can not be verified. 15. Citations in the paper are not included in the works cited. 16. Web sites listed in citations are inactive. 17. All citations are to materials that are older than five years.
15	More Ways to Detect Plagiarism 18. References are made to historical persons or events in the current sense. 19. Students can not identify citations or provide copies of the cited material. 20. Students can not summarize the main points of the paper or answer questions about specific sections of the paper. 21. When provided with a page from their paper that has words or passages removed, students can not fill in the blanks with the missing words or with reasonable synonyms.
16	What resources can we use? Books Robert Harris, The Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting, and Dealing with Plagiarism. Los Angeles, Pyrczak: 2001. Graff, Gerald and Cathy Birkenstein. They Say/ I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing. New York, W.W. Norton: 2006. Lipson, Charles. Doing Honest Work in College: How to Prepare Citations, Avoid Plagiarism, and Achieve Real Academic Success. Chicago, U Chicago P: 2004.
17	What resources can we use? Websites WPA statement on plagiarism. http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9 Purdue Owl: Avoiding Plagiarism. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/ Grinnell College Writing Lab website: http://www.grinnell.edu/academic/writinglab/
18	More web-based resources Robert Harris’ Virtual Salt [a very practical resource for teachers] http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm University of San Diego’s Ethics Updates [links to lots of sources, both popular and scholarly] http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Resources/AcademicIntegrity/Index.asp
19	More Web-based Resources University of Maryland’s Office of Information Technology Net Ethics [example of a college’s attempts to communicate about honesty in relation to IT] http://www.nethics.umd.edu/ Ronald B. Standler’s Plagiarism in Colleges in the US [an oft-cited legal study of the issue] http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm Plagiary [a new scholarly journal] http://www.plagiary.org/