Anthropology 295.01 (Also Art and Classics) "Special Topic: The Ancient Athenian Acropolis: Fortress and Sanctuary." See Classics 295.01.

Anthropology 295.02 "Special Topic: Anthropological Perspectives on Gender." This course explores the cultural construction of femininities and masculinities from a cross-cultural perspective. Particular attention will be paid to how individuals and societies imagine, perform, and contest gender ideologies, roles, relations, and identities. Prerequisites: Anthropology 104. 4 credits.

Anthropology 295.03 "Special Topic: Native American Sovereignty and Activism." This course will be offered by Minority Scholar in Residence Craig Howe, a nationally recognized scholar who received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. American Indian definitions of sovereignty include a spiritual, a political, and an ethnic basis. Through case studies such as Wounded Knee 1973, the Trail of Broken Treaties in 1972, and the takeover and occupation of Alcatraz Island from 1969 to 1971, we may study the ways in which American Indian activism stressed each of these perspectives. Dates: February 2 to March 5. Short course deadlines apply. Prerequisites: None. 1 or 2 credits.

Anthropology 295.04 "Special Topic: Culture and Agriculture." A diachronic and cross-cultural overview of the relationship between culture and agriculture from the origins of plant and animal domestication to the present. The role of agriculture in subsistence and trade will be considered, but also its relationship to social structure, religion, and world view. The last section of the course will focus on agriculture in Iowa. Prerequisites: Anthropology 104 or permission of the instructor. 4 credits.

Anthropology 295.05 "Special Topic: Imagining Identity in Comic Art." This course is being offered by Stanford Carpenter, Minority Scholar in Residence. Creating characters with racial and ethnic and gender characteristics is at the core of comic art. Comic art and narratives employ a variety of imagery that include caricature, images of the grotesque, icons, and stereotypes. And while comic characters often reflect the views, experiences and reference material of their creators and publishers, once produced, comic characters take on a life and meaning of their own amongst reading publics. This course will examine images of race, gender and ethnicity in comic art while asking the questions: what were the creators thinking, how do the creators' own identities affect the work, for whom they are made, how they are read, and what are the lines between caricature, stereotype, and icon? Dates: April 4 to April 23. Short course deadlines apply. Prerequisites: One course from the departments of American studies, anthropology, economics, education, history, political science, or sociology. 1 or 2 credits.

Anthropology 395.01 (Also Sociology) "Special Topic: Organizational Cultures." A cross-cultural study of a variety of organizational forms and their cultures, including voluntary organizations, NGOs, business, educational, and governmental organization. An examination of theoretical perspectives on the formation and change of organizational cultures and organizational success. Prerequisites: Sociology 111 or Anthropology 104. 4 credits.

Art 253.01 "Exhibition Seminar: "I saw this" (Yo lo vi): Goya's Disasters of War." This is a "hands-on" collaborative course in which students work with faculty and museum staff to organize an exhibition in the Faulconer Gallery and write the accompanying exhibition catalogue. The topic for the Fall 2003 is Francisco Goya's Disasters of War. Grinnell College owns a set of these prints. Goya is one of the most compelling and complex artists in the history of art, a court artist to the Spanish monarchy who nevertheless produced highly individual and brutally critical works, from the Caprichos and Disasters of War to the "black paintings." The Disasters of War is one of the most powerful series of war images ever made. Considered to be the first "modern" war imagery, it has been incredibly influential on subsequent artists, up to the present. We will examine these etchings in terms of the historical context of Goya's art and in relation to Goya's response to the political turmoil of his time. W e will also consider contemporary art historical questions such as the problematic relationship between art and "bearing witness" to human atrocities and suffering. In addition to art history students, studio majors interested in printmaking processes and students with backgrounds in history and Spanish are welcome. Art 103 or permission of the instructor. 4 credits.

Art 295.01 (Also Anthropology and Classics) "Special Topic: The Ancient Athenian Acropolis: Fortress and Sanctuary." See Classics 295.01.

Art 295.02 "Special Topic: Reading Things." Almost one hundred years ago, by moving a bottle-drying rack from a restaurant kitchen to a gallery, Marcel Duchamp alerted us to the power context plays in our interpretation of things. In Reading Things we will make ourselves sensitive to the contexts through which art/not art is produced and mediated. We will be trying to recognize how "users" of culture -including ourselves- actually operate, and to articulate what is usually overlooked as background-- which is context. If it is true that contemporary culture has shifted attention from the sites of production (the studio or factory) to sites of consumption (the gallery or shop), there are profound implications for artists. Perhaps we should no longer privilege the site of production (the studio) but concentrate on working alongside the spaces of mediation -galleries, magazines, museums, art colleges, catalogues, guided tours, lectures, etc. The course will include visiting and discussing sites (a stu dio, a gallery, a museum, a shopping mall) and several workshops. Students will be expected to produce a piece of work that reflects upon their experiences. Dates: April 5 - 23. Short course deadlines apply. Prerequisites: None. 1 or 2 credits.

Art 300.01 "Seminar in Art History: Artists and Politics." This course will explore the varying strategies that artists have developed in coming to terms with their own complex position in modern society: as both aesthetic innovators and individuals who bear a responsibility to engaging real political events and concerns in their work. Beginning with the interwar period and spanning through the events of 1968 and their aftermath, we will turn our attention to the often uneasy relationship between artists and politics, and what exactly it means for an artist to be 'engaged.' Concentrating on in-class discussions of readings and a close analysis of work by artists like Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Joseph Beuys, and Komar and Melamid, students can expect to gain fluency in the critical aspects of this debate as well as a sense of its historical breadth. Preference in enrollment will be given to senior majors and those students who have a background in coursework related to the seminar topic. Prerequis ites: Art 103 or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

Biology 150.01 "Introduction to Biological Inquiry: Cell Fate: Calvin or Hobbes?" During the development of an embryo, how is the fate of a cell determined? How does a cell "know" it is supposed to become a nerve cell? Or part of the gut? How does it know its location within the embryo? To address these questions, we will examine the fate of cells during embryonic development, focusing primarily on the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. We will critically evaluate the primary literature, formulate hypotheses, carry out independent research projects using a variety of analytical tools, and report experimental results in scientific papers, posters, and oral presentations. The class is taught in a workshop format, with laboratories, discussions, and lectures integrated in each class period. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Biology 150.02 "Introduction to Biological Inquiry: The Effects of Climate Change on Organisms." We will examine the effects of predicted changes in temperature, moisture and carbon dioxide levels on organismal and ecosystem function through experimental investigation. We will focus on the effects of such changes on the physiology and metabolic functioning of soil and aquatic organisms, as well as on biogeochemical processes of ecosystems, including respiration, decomposition and nutrient-cycling. This course will be taught in a workshop format, meeting twice a week for three hours. Class time will be devoted primarily to discussions and lab work examining theoretical aspects of organismal and ecosystem functioning, design and implementation of lab-based experiments, and the interpretation of our results in the context of extensive ongoing climate change research. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits

Biology 150.03 "Introduction to Biological Inquiry: Building an Animal." In this course students will begin a study of how a fertilized egg turns into an animal with many highly differentiated cell types. Students will learn how to use the scientific literature to study the cellular and molecular events underlying development. Students will learn to work with sea urchins to study fertilization and early invertebrate development and then will work with chicken embryos to study the appearance of different cells, tissues and organs in later vertebrate development. The emphasis of the course will be on asking questions, designing experiments to answer those questions, and communicating results of the experiments in a variety of formats. The class will have two, three-hour meetings per week that combine lab, lecture, and discussion. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Biology 150.04 "Introduction to Biological Inquiry: The Language of Neurons." In this course students will actively learn how biologists study the nervous system. Specifically, students will work as neuroscientists for a semester and will attempt to learn something novel about how nerve cells communicate with one another at chemical synapses. Students will present their findings at the end of the semester via both oral and written presentations. Papers resulting from a substantial independent project will be published in the class journal, Pioneering Neuroscience: The Grinnell Journal of Neurophysiology. Students with a strong background in high school physics will benefit most from this section of Biological Inquiry. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Biology 395.01 "Advanced Special Topic: Spatial Ecology w/lab." Although ecology has emphasized spatial relationships since its beginnings, recent conceptual and technical advances are rapidly turning spatial ecology into a field of its own. Readings and discussions in this course will concern applications (e.g., species ranges, conservation, and landscape ecology) and techniques (e.g, geostatistics, geographic information systems, and remote sensing) of spatial ecology, while lab will involve analysis of spatial data sets and communication of findings in scientific papers. Three two-hour meetings per week. Prerequisites: Biology 252 or instructor permission. 4 credits.

Biology 392.02 "Advanced Special Topic: Developmental Genetics." The course examines the mechanisms regulating development of animals. How is an embryo transformed from a single fertilized cell into a mature organism? Topics include: establishment of the primary axes, organ specification and differentiation, animal and tissue morphogenesis, germ line development, and creation of limbs. We will read and discuss papers from the primary literature that utilize genetic, molecular and classic techniques to examine questions in animal development. In the laboratory we will characterize temperature sensitive mutations that affect different stages of C. elegans development, using genetic and molecular techniques. 2 three-hour meetings per week. Prerequisites: Biology 252 or Biochemistry 262 or permission of the instructor. 4 credits.

Classics 295.01 (Also Art and Anthropology) "Special Topic: The Ancient Athenian Acropolis: Fortress and Sanctuary." This course traces the history and archaeology of the ancient Acropolis of Athens from Neolithic times to the nineteenth century. Particular emphasis will be given to the Classical Acropolis (479-322 BCE) and to its best-preserved monuments: the Parthenon, Erechtheum, Propylaea, and Nike Temple. The architecture and sculptural decoration of these buildings will be examined in detail. Because the Acropolis was not only a citadel for the ancient Athenians, but also a sanctuary sacred to their patroness, Athena, there will be some study of Athena herself, of the religious festivals which occurred on the Acropolis and its slopes, and of the types of votive offerings which were made to the goddess. The sanctuary and theater of Dionysus, located on the south slope of the Acropolis, will also be considered. The Hellenistic and Roman Acropolis and its survival into modern times will be tre ated briefly at the end of the course. Prerequisites: One of the following courses: Art 103, Classics/History 255, Anthropology/Art/Classics 248, Humanities 101 or permission of instructor. 4 + 2 credits.

Economics 295.01 "Special Topic: Game Theory." Game theory is a theory of strategic interaction. Unlike the standard models of industry structures such as perfect competition and monopoly, in many "real world" cases, firms, in order to decide how best to behave, must consider how other firms will choose their actions. Game theory has many practical applications beyond strategic behavior by firms. It can be used in to describe and analyze other economic phenomena, such as auction bidding, bargaining, voting, and trade agreements. The goal of this course is to develop a critical understanding of non-cooperative and cooperative game structures, the equilibrium concepts of games, and the application of such games to economic behavior. Prerequisites: Economics 280 or permission of the instructor. 4 credits.

Economics 395.01 "Advanced Special Topic: Seminar in Native American Economic History." Economists have largely neglected the study of Native American economic behavior, an area of research most often addressed by anthropologists, historians, and linguists. Despite the dearth of economic studies, the historical data, documentary accounts, and topics typically emphasized by scholars of other disciplines are in fact economic in nature. Native American history is unique in that the interaction between economic, self-interested motivations and traditional, cultural values is the driving force behind most studies. Some historians in this field believe that Indians were "special cases," too special for standard economic theories. Nevertheless, the goal of this course is to analyze common issues in Native American history, from pre-contact to the late nineteenth century, with neo-classical economic theory and basic econometric methods. Topics to be discussed include: the beaver fur and deerskin trade, th e transition from horticultural to agricultural, the process of land allotment, the nature of property rights before and after contact, the effects of slavery, the importance of gender roles within Native households, and the effects of resource depletion. Works by anthropologists, ethno-historians, and economists will be discussed and critiqued using the paradigm of neo-classical economics. Prerequisites: Economics 280, 282 and the permission of the department chair. Open to Economics majors only. 4 credits.

Education 341.01 "Research and Methods in Teaching and Learning in Language Arts and Reading." This course will examine the theory and research on student learning and effective instruction in the designated discipline. Students will have a short field experience and will be expected to complete a research project related to teaching and learning. Prerequisites: Education 101 and Education 221 and senior standing or permission of instructor.

English 120.01 & 04 "Literary Analysis." In this section we will read and analyze a selection of short stories, poems, and drama. Literary terms necessary for thinking and writing about literature will be discussed. We will also focus on a number of interpretive strategies that will provide us with the critical means to arrive at informed conclusions about literature. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

English 120.02 "Literary Analysis." In this course we will read travel writing by novelists, journalists, and explorers in different historical periods. Before the great upsurge in tourism in nineteenth-century Europe, travelers who ventured across the seas in search of trading opportunities or on journeys of exploration recounted tales of different people and their cultures. In our century, tourism has become one of the most important activities of the middle and upper-classes in the industrial world. We will consider how the occupation, country, and politics of travel writers inflect their representations of other countries. Can we identify familiar conventions by which Asia, Africa, Europe and other parts of the world are represented in travel literature? We will study representations of Asia and Africa in National Geographic, one of the most popular of travel magazines today. If Jamaica Kincaid's satirizes tourists in A Small Place, Amitav Ghosh re-directs us to the pleasures of travel as a w ay of recovering and rediscovering political and cultural histories of remote parts of our world. Travel becomes a personal quest for identity in M. Scott Momaday's "The Way to Rainy Mountain" and David Malouf's "The Kyogle Line." Finally, we will explore the poetic journeys of Derek Walcott and Agha Shahid Ali, which range over continents, cultures, geographies, and postcolonial histories. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

English 120.03 "Literary Analysis." "To read well, that is, to read true books in a true spirit, is a noble exercise, and one that will task the reader more than any exercise which the customs of the day esteem. It requires a training such as the athletes underwent, the steady intention almost of the whole life to this object. Books must be read as deliberately and reservedly as they are written."--Henry David Thoreau. In this course, we will concentrate on improving our skills of literary analysis. Specifically, we will consider how the interpretation of literature is influenced by our backgrounds as readers, the contexts in which literature is written and read, and the intricacies and ambiguities of texts themselves. As Thoreau suggests, reading well requires a great deal of work and attention: it demands self-reflection, as well as a knowledge of forms and genres of literature and a familiarity with some of the historical, political, and social concerns that underlie certain texts. Effectivel y expressing our ideas about what we read is also critical, so writing and discussion will be major components of this course. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

English 120.05 "Literary Analysis." This section will explore methods of analyzing novels, short fiction, films, and poetry. We will begin with a unit that involves reading a novel to use as a touchstone while exploring a range of critical and theoretical approaches. The course will then examine the technique of short fiction, film, and poetry in turn. We will discuss the choices writers and directors make as they craft their works, and we will develop strategies for analyzing those choices in academic papers. Graded assignments will include frequent short writing assignments, group projects, and papers on fiction, film, and poetry. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

English 273.01 "Feminisms, Gender, and Literary Theory: Mothers, Madwomen, Medusas." The first section of this course will begin with a historical overview of feminist theories about representing women in literary texts. We will study the contributions of historical-materialist and psychoanalytic approaches to feminist theory. Literary texts such as "The Yellow Wallpaper" and "The Turn of the Screw" will provide the ground for some of the discussions about patriarchy, madness, social and literary institutions. The second section of the course will focus on feminist politics and practice both in the Anglo-American world and in international contexts especially as related to women's sexuality, work, and participation in political processes. Prerequisites: English 120. 4 + 2 credits.

English 295.01 "Special Topic: The Craft of Creative Nonfiction." In recent years non-fiction writing has moved from under the aegis of journalism, emerging into its own as the "fourth genre" of literature. Memoir, personal essays, cultural and literary criticism, approached with sufficient rigor and care, deserve the designation "literary art form" every bit as much as poetry, fiction and drama do. Students taking this writing course will spend the early part of the semester doing directed journaling and writing exercises as a way of developing material, which they will then shape into more polished, publishable work. Students will also be exploring the creation of non-fiction art through assigned readings, presentations and in-class discussion. Prerequisites: English 120, or an AP Literature score of 5. 4 credits.

English 303.01 "Chaucer." This seminar involves a close study of most of the Canterbury Tales, with emphasis on kinds of narrative, acts of interpretation, the nature of language, women's voices, and anything else that interests us. For students with sufficient background, there are options of doing reading in Latin, Italian, or French. Prerequisite: English 223. 4 + 2 credits.

English 326.01 "Studies in American Poetry I." In this course, we will study the life and poetry of Walt Whitman, as well as some of the many poetic and critical responses to his work. Throughout the semester, students will be required to participate actively in class discussion and to prepare and deliver oral presentations. Written work will include a prospectus, a critical review essay, and a major seminar paper.

English 329.01 "Studies in African American Literature: The Harlem Renaissance 1919-1940." An intensive examination of the literary and artistic explosion of the African American writing during this historical period. In addition to the study of the literary works of major authors such as Jessie Redmon Fauset, Alaine Locke, Claude Mckay, Zora Neale Hurston, Nella Larsen, Jean Toomer, Sterling Brown, Arna Bontepms, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen, we will examine the concept of the Renaissance and its historical background, the forces that made it possible, and the new literary styles and techniques that distinguish the Renaissance literature from the 19th century African American literature. The focus of our discussion and presentations will be on the representations of the Renaissance as aspects of the "rebirth" of the African American humanity and humanism. Prerequisite: One of the following courses: English 225, 227, 228 or 229. 4 + 2 credits.

English 346.01 (Also General Literary Studies) "Studies in Modern Prose: Ulysses." This course offers an intensive study of James Joyce's prose masterpiece Ulysses (1922) with some attention, at the start of the course, to his earlier works. Students can expect about 12 weeks to be devoted to Ulysses alone, in a seminar-style format. Some attention will be devoted to critical works about Ulysses. Prerequisite: English 224 or 225. 4 + 2 credits.

English 360.01 "Seminar in Postcolonial Literature: Imagined Communities." In this course, we will explore the representation of tribal groups in literature written in countries as diverse as South Africa, Nigeria, New Zealand, India, and the United States. We will examine the literary and historical genealogy of concepts such as "civilization," "the primitive," and "modernity." How do we define "tribe" in our post-industrial world? What kinds of values, cultures, beliefs are associated with tribes? In what ways do tribes constitute an oppressed group within newly emergent nations? We will examine both sympathetic and critical representations of tribes in the essays and novels of Louise Erdrich, Chinua Achebe, Mahasweta Devi, Witi Ihimeara, Alan Duff, Keri Hulme. We will also read critical essays by, among others, Ben Anderson, Partha Chatterji, and Coco Fusco. Prerequisites: English 224, 225 or 229. 4 + 2 credits.

English 390.01 "Junior Seminar: Literary Theory." In this seminar we will study major theoretical constructions of the meanings, definitions, and functions of literature and literariness since Plato through contemporary literary theories such as structuralist, post-structuralist, and reader response. Some attention will be given to the "life" and the "death" of the author and the impact, if any, of his or her role in determining the meanings and effects of his/her literary text. Students are expected to do presentations and papers in which they practice their understanding of selected major literary theories. Prerequisite: Senior or Junior standing and at least one 300-level literature in the English Department. 4 credits.

English 395.01 "Advanced Special Topic: Grinnell Writers' Conference Advanced Poetry Writing Seminar with Robert Hass and Brenda Hillman." The GWC Advanced Writing Seminars are special two-credit writing workshops taught by prominent fiction writers and poets invited to the College from among the permanent and visiting faculty at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop, the premiere graduate writing program in the country. Offerings will alternate, with fiction courses generally being taught in the fall semesters and poetry courses taught in the spring semesters. Classes will meet on Fridays for a total of six weeks. The "texts" for this course will be student poems, which will be critiqued on a rotating schedule during class periods. As preparation for each class, students will be expected to read closely and comment intelligently on the poetry up for consideration on that day. This class will meet for 6 weeks with dates to be announced at a later date. Short course deadlines apply. Prerequisite : English 205 or 206. 2 credits.

Environmental Studies 295.01 (Also Global Development Studies) "Special Topic: NGOs, Development and the Environment." Dr Mary Seely, director of the Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, a Namibian NGO (nongovernmental organization), will offer this course. Using case studies, this course will explore how NGOs can contribute to enhanced livelihoods, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability within the shifting context of international, national and local paradigms, institutions and policy frame conditions. Readings and discussions will review various perspectives, including our own, on roles of and appropriate interactions amongst more formal (e.g. government/ universities) and less formal institutions (NGOs) in developing countries. Course participants will design a 'perfect' NGO for a developing country as the last exercise of this short course. Dates: April 19 to April 30. Short course deadlines apply. Prerequisites: A 200-level course in at least one of the following departments - A nthropology, Biology, Economics, Political Science, or Sociology. 1 credit.

Environmental Studies 495.01 "Environmental Studies Senior Seminar: Environmental Impact of Midwestern Agriculture" Beginning in the 1930s and accelerating after World War II, major technological and economic changes gradually transformed Midwestern agriculture. Increasingly sophisticated farm implements, hybridization, use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, specialized cropping systems, and, more recently, confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), genetically modified crops and livestock (GMOs), growth stimulating hormones (GSHs), and global positioning system (GPS) have created an astonishingly productive industrial-style agriculture. Despite its productivity, however, this agriculture is not without its problems. Critics charge that Midwestern agriculture has caused unacceptable rates of soil erosion and become too chemical-intensive, too specialized, too reliant on monocropping, too dependent on fossil fuel for both the production and long-distance transportation of food, unhealthy for domesticated animals, and, in various ways, unhealthy for humans -- in short, an environmental disaster. We will examine these developments through joint readings and field trips, and each student will do a major research project for presentation on campus and, if accepted, at the Iowa Academy of Science. Prerequisites: Permission of instructor. 4 credits.

French 395.01 and 395.02 "Advanced Special Topic: Beyond Trauma: From Crisis to Creation." Conducted in French. Based on selections from poetry, prose, theatre and film, this course will examine how creative artists from the French-speaking world represent experiences that force us to think the unthinkable and to see the unimaginable. In an attempt to move beyond the trauma of seemingly unbearable realities, the act of creation enables highly diverse survival strategies that affirm resistance, healing, testimony, and the will to prevail against odds. Whether through comedy, satire, lyric, allegory, fictional or documentary accounts, the works studied cover responses to political, psychological, and sexual traumas, both individual and collective, in contexts such as war, the Holocaust, repressive regimes, and family violence. French 395.02 is only for students pursuing a MAP. Prerequisites: French 312 or 313 for FRN 395.01 (regular credit); one seminar-level course in the French Department and approval by the French Department for FRN 395.02 as a MAP.

Gender and Women’s Studies 495-01 “Senior Seminar.” The seminar will consider issues of gender and sexuality as they are engaged in the context of United States case law. Topics include development and use of equality principles, the construction of racial categories, regulation of sexual conduct and reproductive rights, and affirmative action. There will be opportunities for students to pursue aspects of these or other relevant topics depending on interests of the class. Prerequisites: Gender and Women's Studies 111, one core course from category 2, and four additional credits from core or elective courses (categories 2 or 3), or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

General Literary Studies 227.01 (Also German) "Topics in German Literature in Translation" See German 227.01.

General Literary Studies 295.01 (Also Japanese) "Special Topic: Japanese Literature of the A-Bomb." See Japanese 295.01.

General Literary Studies 346.01 (Also English) "Studies in Modern Prose." See English 346.01.

German 227.01 (Also General Literary Studies) "Topics in German Literature in Translation" The focus will be on representative prose and drama by major 20th century writers from the Federal Republic of Germany, the former German Democratic Republic, Austria, and Switzerland. Among the authors included are Thomas Mann, Bertolt Brecht, Friedrich D�rrenmatt, Anna Seghers, G�nter Grass, Heinrich B”ll, and Christa Wolf. Readings and discussion in English. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

German 295.01 "Special Topic: Black, White, and German: Afro-Germans and German Identity." This course covers the history and presence of Afro-Germans in Germany from the Berlin Conference in 1884/85 to the present. Special focus will be given to German colonization in Africa, citizenship, miscegenation laws in the colonies, Blacks in Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich, black occupation forces in Germany and their biracial offspring after both World Wars, the emergence of an Afro-German identity in postwar Germany and the current cultural and political reality of Afro-Germans since German reunification. Films on various topics will also be shown. This course will be taught in English. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Global Development Studies 295.01 (Also Environmental Studies) "Special Topic: NGOs, Development and the Environment." See Environmental Studies295.01.

History 318.01 "Women, Religion, and Power in U.S. History" This course will have two goals: to expose students to the emerging body of literature on American women's access to social influence through organized religions and personal spiritual conviction, and to give students an opportunity to conduct independent historical research on a particular case of female deployment of power as an expression of their spirituality. As a group, we will read historical works that stretch our attention from the construction of woman within Puritanism to Jewish women's use of their influence in the 1960's civil rights movement, from Protestant white women's invocation of religious authority in the mid-19th century to Hispanic lay women's community organizing within the 1950's Catholic Church, from African American women's use of moral authority in Gilded Age church life to Catholic nuns' rebellion against priestly authority during the Second Wave women's movement. Throughout, we will be examining the ways in which wo men used the liberationist tenets of their faiths to counter the patriarchal traditions of their churches. We will, as well, be reflecting on the personal difficulties women have encountered in reconciling their aspirations with church restrictions. In the research phase of the course, students will be able to select topics from any era in U.S. history, focusing on some aspect of women's use of spirituality to access power and employing conceptual frameworks developed in our discussions of the common readings. Prerequisites: History 111 or 112, and History 222. 4 credits.

History 326.01 "History of Nineteenth-Century American Popular Culture." Students in this seminar will examine the creation and expansion of American popular culture in the nineteenth century as they focus on diverse cultural forms: dime novels, newspapers, music, sports, cartoons, material culture, theater, minstrel shows, magazines, etc. The seminar will focus particularly on how ideas and structures of race, class, and gender were changed and reinforced by American popular culture. Research papers will analyze popular culture in an historical context to consider how popular culture created or changed power dynamics in American society. Prerequisite: History 111 and any 200-level American History course or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

History 329.01 "Latin America and the United States." As the saying goes, Latin America lies too far from God and too close to the United States. This proximity has affected Latin American economics, demographics, culture, and politics. The seminar will begin with an overview of US-Latin American relations from the Monroe Doctrine to the Bay of Pigs. We will then concentrate on the crucial period between World War I and World War II when the United States and Latin America redefined their relationship. Students will then write a research paper using primary documents available here at Grinnell. These papers could focus on any one of a number of issues that were central to US-Latin American relations in the interwar period such as hemispheric security, economic affairs, fascism, and socialism. A reading knowledge of Spanish or Portuguese is helpful but not required. Prerequisite: a 200-level history course on Latin America or the United States. 4 credits.
History 336.01 "Parliamentary Government in Victorian Britain." In the early nineteenth century the British constitution could be fairly described as aristocratic, Protestant, and, in the late twentieth-century sense of the term, "patriarchal." The seminar will examine the various responses of the British governing elite to "pressures from without"-from Roman Catholics (mostly Irish), from working men, and from women-for inclusion within the constitution. At the conclusion of the seminar we shall consider in what ways those pressures and the responses to them changed the theory and the practice of Parliamentary government. Prerequisites: History 236 or permission of the instructor. 4 credits

History 375.01 "The East-Asian Discovery of Europe, 1520-1830." This course will examine the first series of full contacts between Europe and East Asia during the three centuries following the Chinese purchase of a cannon from the Portuguese in 1520. It will focus on the patterns of cultural penetration of the Europeans as well as on the East-Asian responses to Christianity, military technology, and international trade. Readings will include first-hand accounts of mutual perceptions of the European and the East-Asian peoples. Prerequisite: History 275, 276, 277, or 278. 4 credits.

Humanities 395.01 (Also Science and Social Studies) "Advanced Special Topic: Freedom and Authority: The Control of Reproduction." How do social, biological, and cultural constraints affect decisions about reproduction? How do social institutions set and enforce the boundaries of what is possible and permissible? How do practices of reproduction generate meaning for human existence? This seminar examines conflicts between the freedom of the individual to make decisions about reproduction and the external authority of the family, the state, health care systems, criminal justice systems, and religious hierarchies. Topics include recent advances in genetic and reproductive technology, public controversies about abortion and birth control, the ways in which evolution has shaped and constrained reproductive behavior, and the ethico-religious bases of cultural preferences for male rather than female babies. Taking an explicitly interdisciplinary and cross-cultural approach, we ask how Western scientific knowledge and theories of social behavior have cross-fertilized with non-Western representations and expressions of the reproductive experience. Attention will be given not only to ethical and moral issues surrounding reproduction, but also to the effects of gender, racial, and economic inequality. Texts from a wide variety of literary, cinematic, scientific, and social scientific sources will be assigned. Prerequisite: permission of instructors. 4 credits.

Japanese 295.01 (Also General Literary Studies) "Special Topic: Japanese Literature of the A-Bomb." Postwar Japanese literature about the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki raises "questions-political, moral, spiritual-that all of us must learn to face as human beings, whatever our national or cultural origins" (J. Thomas Rimer). This course will explore differences between writers who lived through and those who lived at a distance from "ground zero," between male and female authors, and between first- and later-generation authors, as seen in various genres and media: novels, short stories, essays, poetry, drama, reports, histories, film, manga, and survivor testimonies. Conducted in English. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Japanese 295.02 "Special Topic: Man Woman West East." This course will explore the relation between gender and nation, race and ethnicity, in modern portrayals of Japan, its men and women, in both Western and Japanese texts (literature, film, drama). It will focus on Western Orientalist constructions of Japanese masculinity and femininity, and efforts at self-definition as "Japanese" by Japanese writers, men and women, in response to the Western hegemonic gaze. We will also bring this investigation home by looking at the construction of the hyphenated identity of "Japanese-American" men and women. We will try to understand how and why such "trans-cultural" objects and experiences shape our images and judgments, conscious or unconscious, of "man woman West East." Readings will also be taken from historical, literary-critical, and theoretical texts. Conducted in English. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Japanese 395.01 "Advanced Special Topic: Advanced Japanese II." This course is a continuation of Advanced Japanese I, further developing the four skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Upon completing the course, students will have been introduced to all the major structural patterns of contemporary Japanese expanded their base of kanji, and will have begun emphasis on vocabulary building through the study of situationally oriented materials stressing communicative competence. The reading of expository prose of intermediate difficulty will also receive some attention. Prerequisites: Japanese 395 (Advanced Japanese I) or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

Math 115.01 & 03 "Introduction to Statistics." This section of Introductory Statistics will be conducted in the Workshop Statistics format, in which students learn statistics by means of hands-on data analysis. Classes will be 80 minutes long and will meet in the computer lab, with approximately 35 class meetings during the semester. Questions about the Workshop Statistics format may be directed to Katherine McClelland in the Math Lab. Prerequisites: two years of high school algebra and second semester of first-year standing, or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

Philosophy 392.01 "Advanced Studies in Anglo-American Philosophy: Davidson." In this seminar we will investigate the views of the contemporary American philosopher, Donald Davidson, on meaning, interpretation, knowledge, action and mind. The course will divide into three sections: the first will fill in Davidson's philosophical background in Quine and Tarski and examine his theory of meaning paying particular attention to the following questions: whether a Tarski-style theory of truth can do service as a theory of meaning, how such a theory can be empirically tested, and whether it can provide an adequate semantic representation of natural language. The second considers the supposed anti-sceptical epistemological consequences of his theory of meaning. The third will be concerned with his conception of the relation between reasons and causes for action and his theory of 'anomalous monism' in the philosophy of mind. Prerequisites: Either Philosophy 102, 253, 256, 257, or permission of the instructor. 4 cr edits.

Political Science 195.01 "Introductory Special Topic: American Foreign Policy: The Legacy of History and Recent Practice." This is a course about foreign policy, but especially American foreign policy with particular attention to recent experience and current challenges, team-taught by a historian from the University of Iowa and a political scientist from Grinnell. Among the recurring themes will be theory and practice, institutions and individuals, actors and spectators, as well as the role and impact of ideas, money, and historical memory. But our particular concerns are why and how things are done, how choices are made, priorities set, and decisions reached. To do this credibly, we have invited a number of guests with practical experience to come and help. They include former ambassadors to NATO, a former assistant secretary of defense, a former managing editor of the journal Foreign Policy and co-anchor of All Things Considered, a Foreign Service officer turned senior legislator, a British inte rnational journalist, a Foreign Service officer dealing with Middle East Affairs, a former Director of Strategic, Porliferation and Military Affairs in the State Department, a Rwanda war crimes prosecutor and a retired Navy captain who served on the White House staff. Reading assignments will include historical and current documents and articles, at least one serious daily or weekly news source, plus texts on American diplomacy and human rights. There will also be two exams designed to encourage thought about how Americans see and deal with the world. This course will not count toward Political Science department distribution requirements. Prerequisites: None. 4 credits.

Political Science 295.02 "Special Topic: Issues in Democratic Political Theory." The purpose of this course is to explore some facets of the relationship between citizenship, freedom, liberalism, and democracy. In particular, we will be concerned with how the questions "who should participate?" and "what is the proper form of government?" relate to the question "what is the common good?" The conceptual framework for this course is the tension (conceived from the perspective of current political norms) between "the ideal of universal citizenship" (i.e., the belief that all citizens have equal moral worth and that the state should afford all citizens the same rights and privileges) and "the reality of social power" (i.e., the fact that a privileged few control institutions, social resources, intellectual inquiry, and therefore the politics of the state). Prerequisites: Political Science 101 or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

Political Science 295.03 "Special Topic: Social Movement and Protest in Comparative Perspective." This course provides an examination of the development of social movement theory in North America and Western Europe and critical analysis of how well this theory helps to explain social movements in the developing world including guerrilla, environmental, women's, indigenous, and democracy movements. The course includes discussion of theoretical developments in the academic literature along with a consideration of particular cases in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Prerequisites: Political Science 101. 4 credits.

Political Science 395.01 "Advanced Special Topic: Transnational Legal Institutions." This course, in seminar form, will consider the workings of the European Court of Justice, the International Court of Justice, International Arbitration, and the proposed International Criminal Court. Prerequisites: Political Science 250, 255, 219 or Political Science 295 "Special Topic: The European Union" (Fall 2000/Cernoch) or "Special Topic: The Political Economy of European Union" (Fall 2002/Ellison). A student majoring in Political Science who has not taken a 200 level prerequisite will not get seminar credit. 4 credits.

Political Science 395.02 "Advanced Special Topic: The Politics of the Developing World." This course provides an in-depth discussion of theoretical perspectives used to understand political, economic, and social challenges facing the developing world. In addition, the class draws on empirical examples in Latin America, Africa, and Asia to better illuminate theoretical arguments and evaluate their contribution to our understanding of development. Includes discussions of urbanization, poverty, democratization, revolution, ethnic conflict, women, religion, and globalization, all in the context of development. Prerequisites: Political Science 261, 262, or 275. 4 credits.

Psychology 332.01 "Advanced Developmental Psychology: Girls and Boys." This course will be an advanced exploration in developmental psychology with a focus on gender as a significant variable in the developmental process. We will consider theories and research that address the complex interaction among biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors in the development of gender roles and concepts. Specific attention will be given to individual development from conception through young adulthood. Prerequisites: Psychology 233 and one additional 200-level psychology course, or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

Psychology 395.01 "Advanced Special Topic: Human Neuropsychology." This course will examine brain mechanisms involved in human mental processes. Emphasis will be placed on cortical functions underlying cognitive behaviors such as language, memory, emotion, and visuospatial perception. Students will consider how experimental and clinical perspectives of normal and abnormal brain function can reveal the cognitive and neural organization of mental processes. Prerequisites: Psychology 246. 4 + 2 credits.

Religious Studies 295.01 "Special Topic: Religion in U.S. Public Life." This course will explore historical and contemporary debates in the United States over the place of religion in public life. We will examine the Constitutional clauses on religious liberty and establishment, discuss the role of legislatures and courts with respect to these clauses, and explore contemporary social, ethical, and political issues where questions about the links between religion and politics are particularly pressing. Prerequisites: second year standing. 4 credits.

Religious Studies 295.02 "Special Topic: Religious Traditions of India." South Asian religion is marked by the on-going dialogues between the South Asian traditions we call Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism (as well as Buddhism and Islam, which are more fully covered in separate courses). The interaction between these traditions shows the ways that each defined itself independently and in response to challenges presented by the others. This course will introduce the historical and philosophical foundations for these traditions as well as familiarizing the students with these intersecting traditions as living religions. The course will include special attention to the role of women and the links between religion and politics. Prerequisites: None. 4 + 2 credits.

Religious Studies 295.03 "Special Topic: Zen Buddhism." This course is designed to introduce the history, tradition, doctrine, and practice of Chan/Zen Buddhism. The course will cover the development of the Chan tradition in medieval China and its subsequent transmission to Japan, examining the evolution of Chan/Zen doctrines and practices and outlining special feature of Chan/Zen within framework of Buddhism. We will also explore the interaction between Zen and modernity, including Japanese Zen and nationalism during the Second World War, and the encounters between Zen and contemporary American culture. Throughout the course, the students will be asked to analyze the rhetoric of western and modern scholarship on Chan/Zen so that they will not only understand Chan/Zen in a broad perspective, but also reflect on their own critical capacities. Prerequisites: Second year standing. 4 credits.

Religious Studies 295.04 "Special Topic: Religion and Violence in Asia." Does religion promote peace or instigate violence? The course will address this question by examining religious doctrine and practice in Asian religions, particularly in Buddhism and Hinduism in India, Sri Lanka, China, and Japan. Prerequisites: Religious Studies 117 or permission of the instructor. 4 credits.

Religious Studies 395.01 "Advanced Special Topic: Religious Politics in South Asia." Are the political conflicts in South Asia essentially religious conflicts? Or do religions take the blame for political movements? Religious and secular groups use religious labels to condemn opponents and to justify communal violence, religious movements often arise out of political conflict, and ethno-religious communalism defines many contemporary political crises. In this course we will primarily analyze three communal conflicts which are couched in terms of religious identity: the Hindu-Muslim conflicts, Hindu-Sikh conflicts in India, and the Buddhist-Hindu conflicts in Sri Lanka. This course will study these conflicts as a way of understanding the workings of religious rhetoric and political rhetoric about religions. Prerequisites: Religious Studies 295.01 (Religious Traditions of India) or permission of the instructor. 4 + 2 credits.

Science 395.01 (Also Humanities and Social Studies) "Advanced Special Topic: Freedom and Authority: The Control of Reproduction." See Humanities 395.01.

Social Studies 395.01 (Also Humanities and Science) "Advanced Special Topic: Freedom and Authority: The Control of Reproduction." See Humanities 395.01.

Sociology 390.01 "Advanced Studies in Sociology: Organizing for Social Good: Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations." This seminar examines how nonprofit organizations are structured and how they operate, with a particular interest in how some nonprofit organizations are able to sustain an entrepreneurial spirit, high levels of participation by their members, and an organizational culture which fosters internal change, despite continuing financial and other external constraints. Attention to issues of power, funding, decision-making, leadership, and the interrelations of the organization and its environment. Cases, depending on student interests, may include human service organizations such as welfare departments, community action agencies, and mental health centers; unions; foundations; neighborhood associations; grassroots pressure groups; national and local voluntary service organizations such as the Red Cross and United Way. Prerequisites: At least two 200-level sociology courses, or permission of instructor. 4 credits.

Sociology 395.01 (Also Anthropology) "Special Topic: Organizational Cultures." See Anthropology 395.01.
Theatre 101.01 "Introduction to Contemporary Dance." Note the change in title and description. A survey of approaches to contemporary dance making and performance practices. Studio-based exercises in basic modern dance technique, improvisation and composition provide a physical and conceptual understanding of dance as a performing art form. Additionally, readings, video viewings and lecture/discussion on current dance practices and scholarship in Europe and the United States will examine how dance operates within specified historical, political and cultural contexts. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Theatre 195.01 "Introductory Special Topic: Playwriting I." This course will cover the fundamental principles of writing for the stage. Examples of work by other playwrights will be read in class, but the emphasis will be on your own writing and on your development as a playwright. There will be both in and out of class writing assignments and much of your work will be read aloud in class. Prerequisites: none. 4 credits.

Theatre 295.01 "Special Topic: Moving and Acting: Structures and Strategies for Improvising Performance." We will engage in an action-oriented approach to the practice of improvisation that accesses-by moving, by sounding and by speaking- each individuals expressive possibilities. Open-ended body-based explorations will cultivate expanded perceptual and sensory awarenesses. The course will also include exploratory improvisations to build skills in moment-by-moment decision-making, to shape material while in the act of doing and to create collectively as a group or ensemble. These skills will be applied to constructing and executing performance scores in a variety of locations. Scores will be structured using formal elements to find, build, and deepen content. We will analyze the effects of a given score in terms of its broader social and political significance. As context for the course, we will draw upon and examine the projects and practices of recent experimental improvisational groups such as the Grand Union, the Open Theater, Daniel Nagrin's Workgroup, Ann Bogart's Viewpoints, Ruth Zaporah's Action Theater training and Augusto Boal's Theater of the Oppressed. Prerequisites: Theatre 101 or Theatre 117 or Theatre 225 or permission of instructor. 4 credits.