Political Science
First Destinations
First Destinations
This graph illustrates the first destinations of recent alumni from the last four graduating classes. Details for each of these categories can be found below.
- 61% Employment
- 23% Graduate School
- 4% Post-Graduate Service
- 5% Fellowships
- 1% Continuing Education
- 5% Other
Top Locations
Top Locations
These are among the top locations of graduates in this major. Whether working, studying, or volunteering, you'll find Grinnellians all over the world.
- Chicago, IL
- Iowa City, IA
- New York, NY
- Washington, DC
Employment
Employment
There is no typical path of a Grinnell graduate. As this list illustrates, Grinnellians work across all types of industries working with a rich array of employers.
| Employer | Position |
|---|---|
| Brookings Institution | research assistant |
| Colorado Fiscal Institute | state tax & budget policy analyst |
| Ellis Legal, PC | legal assistant |
| Immigrant Law Center of Minnesota | development coordinator |
| New York City Council | community liaison |
| St. Louis County Circuit Court | apprentice court clerk |
| U.S. Senate | staff assistant |
| Wisconsin Farmers Union | policy coordinator |
Political Science
Employment Data
| Employer | Position | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Analysis Group | analyst | Chicago, IL |
| Andrea Salinas for Oregon | field organizer | Salem, OR |
| Arc Aspicio | junior associate | Washington, DC |
| Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholar LLP | legal resource assistant | Washington, DC |
| Asian Human Services | career service navigator | Chicago, IL |
| Ballast Research | research associate | Washington, DC |
| Banner Engineering | associate Oracle developer/analyst | Plymouth, MN |
| BlueDot Wellness | business developer | Los Angeles, CA |
| Brookings Institution | program coordinator | Washington, DC |
| Brookings Institution | research assistant | Washington, DC |
| The Buffalo Bulletin | news reporter | Buffalo, WY |
| Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve | plant ecology intern | East Bethel, MN |
| Certified Laboratories, Inc. | microbiology laboratory associate | Aurora, IL |
| Colorado Fiscal Institute | state tax & budget policy analyst | Denver, CO |
| Corus International | communications intern | Washington, DC |
| Dell Technologies | product management analyst | Austin, TX |
| Deloitte | solutions engineering analyst | Arlington, VA |
| Dine Brands Global | litigation paralegal | Glendale, CA |
| DIS | academic assistant | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Ellis Legal, PC | legal assistant | Chicago, IL |
| Epic | project manager | Verona, WI |
| Epic | quality manager | Verona, WI |
| Ewing Marion Kauffman School | teacher | Kansas City, MO |
| Foley Hoag LLP | IP litigation case assistant | Boston, MA |
| The Foote School | associate teacher | New Haven, CT |
| Friedreich’s Ataxia Research Alliance | advocacy program coordinator | remote |
| GMHC | institutional development associate | New York, NY |
| Great River School | lower elementary assistant | St. Paul, MN |
| Grinnell College | admission counselor | Grinnell, IA |
| Grinnell College | prison program postbaccalaureate fellow | Grinnell, IA |
| The Horton Group | client services representative | Chicago, IL |
| Illinois Housing Development Authority | intern | Chicago, IL |
| Immigrant Law Center of Minnesota | development coordinator | St. Paul, MN |
| Japan Exchange Teaching (JET) Program | assistant language teacher | Japan |
| Japan Ground Self Defense Force | sergeant major, officer candidate school | Tokyo, Japan |
| Jarvis Law Office | administrative assistant | Dublin, OH |
| Kansas City International Academy | math teacher | Kansas City, MO |
| Kean University | professional services specialist | Union, NJ |
| Kempster, Corcoran, Quiceno & Lenz-Calvo, Ltd. | legal assistant | Chicago, IL |
| KGAN CBS 2 | investigative reporter | Cedar Rapids, IA |
| King County | legal assistant | Seattle, WA |
| Langer Research Associates | research assistant | Washington, DC |
| Latino Academy of Workforce Development | ESL coordinator & grant manager | Madison, WI |
| Law Office of Michael McVicker | legal assistant | Reston, VA |
| Lever | content writer | North Adams, MA |
| Light & Wonder | financial analyst | Las Vegas, NV |
| Mariposa DR Foundation | executive & programs assistant | Cabarete, Dominican Republic |
| Migrant Farmworkers Assistance Fund | healthcare case manager | Kansas City, MO |
| Minkowitz Pathology | insurance billing assistant | New York, NY |
| MIT | laboratory technician | Cambridge, MA |
| Morgan & Morgan | litigation assistant | St Louis, MO |
| Morningstar | analyst | Chicago, IL |
| New York City Council | community liaison | New York, NY |
| New York City Department of Transportation | transit development intern | New York, NY |
| North American Language & Culture Assistants Program | language assistant | Madrid, Spain |
| Office of the New York State Attorney General | legal support analyst | New York, NY |
| Partner Forces | junior analyst | Arlington, VA |
| The Peninsula Pulse | reporter | Baileys Harbor, WI |
| Public Interest Research Group | campaign associate | Chicago, IL |
| Represent GA Action Network | research fellow | Atlanta, GA |
| The Society of Good Friends | conversational English teacher | Kasaoka, Japan |
| Springer Nature Group | publishing assistant | New York, NY |
| St. Louis County Circuit Court | apprentice court clerk | St. Louis, MO |
| SwimSwam | content creator | remote |
| Troutman Pepper Locke | practice coordinator | Washington, DC |
| U.S. Senate | staff assistant | Washington, DC |
| United Health Group | senior quantitative research analyst | Los Angeles, CA |
| University of Missouri College of Engineering | senior communications coordinator | Columbia, MO |
| Wartburg College | area coordinator | Waverly, IA |
| Washington University in St. Louis | music library associate | St. Louis, MO |
| Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield | full-stack software engineer | Des Moines, IA |
| Willenson Law, LLC | litigation paralegal | Chicago, IL |
| Wisconsin Farmers Union | policy coordinator | Madison, WI |
| World Bank Group | junior analyst | Washington, DC |
| Wyrd Armouries | manager/assistant | Eden, NC |
| Yale School of Management | research assistant | New Haven, MN |
Positions Related to Career Goals
Positions Related to Career Goals
This graph illustrates the extent to which our graduates' first job is aligned with their career goals. It's one thing to find a job; it's an entirely different thing to land the job you want!
- 35% Completely
- 50% Moderately
- 9% Slightly
- 6% Not at All
Graduate Schools
Graduate Schools
Grinnell graduates are particularly well prepared for graduate study. You'll find Grinnellians attend the best graduate and professional school programs around the world.
| Institution | Degree | Field of Study |
|---|---|---|
| Georgia Institute of Technology | MSc | city & regional planning |
| Loyola University Chicago | JD/MPP | law & public policy |
| University of California | JD | law |
| University of Chicago | MA | political science & international relations |
| University of Oxford | MSc | sociology |
| University of Wisconsin | JD | law |
Political Science
Graduate Schools Data
| Institution | Degree | Field of Study | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boston College | MEd | secondary education & teaching | Boston, MA |
| Brown University | MPH | epidemiology | Providence, RI |
| Case Western Reserve University | JD | law | Cleveland, OH |
| Columbia University | MA | financial mathematics | New York, NY |
| Georgia Institute of Technology | MSc | city & regional planning | Atlanta, GA |
| Global Campus of Human Rights | MA | human rights & democratization | Venice, Italy |
| Loyola University Chicago | JD/MPP | law & public policy | Chicago, IL |
| Northeastern University | MS/MBA | accounting & business management | Boston, MA |
| Syracuse University | MA | advertising | Syracuse, NY |
| Trinity College Dublin | MSc | environmental science | Dublin, Ireland |
| Tulane University | PhD | computer science | New Orleans, LA |
| University of California | JD | law | Berkeley, CA |
| University of California | JD | law | Davis, CA |
| University of California | MEng | environmental health engineering | Berkeley, CA |
| University of Chicago | MA | international relations | Chicago, IL |
| University of Chicago | MA | political science & international relations | Chicago, IL |
| University of Chicago | MA | religion | Chicago, IL |
| University of Illinois | JD | law | Chicago, IL |
| University of Illinois | MLIS | library & archives | Urbana-Champaign, IL |
| University of Iowa | JD | law | Iowa City, IA |
| University of Iowa | MLIS | library & information science | Iowa City, IA |
| University of Missouri | graduate certificate | agroforestry | remote |
| University of Missouri | JD | law | Columbia, MO |
| University of Nevada | JD | law | Las Vegas, NV |
| University of North Carolina | MPH | health policy & management | Chapel Hill, NC |
| University of Oxford | MSc | sociology | Oxford, UK |
| University of St. Thomas | JD | law | Minneapolis, MN |
| University of Wisconsin | JD | law | Madison, WI |
| Washington University in St. Louis | MPH | health | St. Louis, MO |
Graduate School Acceptance Info
Of those who applied to and were accepted to at least one program, this chart illustrates the percentage of admitted students who were accepted to either their first or second choice program and institution.
75%
75% of students are accepted to their first or second choice graduate institution and program
Service
Service
Each year, Grinnellians advance causes and serve communities around the world as full-time volunteers.
Organization
- Iowa Valley Habitat for Humanity
- Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center
Political Science
Service Data
| Organization | Location |
|---|---|
| AmeriCorps | Brecksville, OH |
| City Year | Chicago, IL |
| Iowa Valley Habitat for Humanity | Iowa City, IA |
| Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center | El Paso, TX |
| Quaker Voluntary Service | Minneapolis, MN |
Fellowships
Fellowships
Grinnell has a rich history of producing recipients of some of the most prestigious post-graduate fellowships and awards.
Organization
- Fern Holland International Affairs Fellowship
- The Fulbright Program
- Jesse M. Unruh Assembly Fellowship
Political Science
Fellowships Data
| Organization | Location |
|---|---|
| Critical Language Scholarship | Baku, Azerbaijan |
| Fern Holland International Affairs Fellowship | Washington, DC |
| The Fulbright Program | Bogotá, Colombia |
| The Fulbright Program | San Andrés, Colombia |
| Jesse M. Unruh Assembly Fellowship | Sacramento, CA |
| South Arts | Paint Lick, KY |
Experiential Learning
Experiential Learning
Participation in high-impact experiences is a hallmark of a Grinnell education. The following graphs illustrate the percentage of graduates who completed internships, research experiences (both on- and off-campus), service, and/or off-campus study prior to graduating from Grinnell.
Internships
77%
Political Science
Internships Data
| Organization | Field | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Abby Finkenauer for Congress | government/public policy | Dubuque, IA |
| ACLU of Texas | government/public policy | remote |
| ACLU of Texas | law/legal services | remote |
| Advanced Trading Inc. | business administration/management | Bloomington , IL |
| Alaska Innocence Project | law/legal services | Anchorage, AK |
| Al-Nahda Thought Center | government/public policy | Amman, Jordan |
| AmeriCorps | education | Grinnell, IA |
| Arab Center for Research | research/science | Rabat, Morocco |
| Associated Press | communications/media | Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| Australian Tax & Transfer Policy Institute | government/public policy | remote |
| BallotReady | government/public policy | remote |
| Bank of Georgia | consulting | Tbilisi, Georgia |
| Becoming Machinic Inc. | computing/technology | remote |
| Benach Collopy LLP | law/legal services | Washington, DC |
| Bhutan Foundation | environment/sustainability | Washington, DC |
| The Borgen Project | communications/media | remote |
| The Borgen Project | government/public policy | remote |
| Breakthrough Greater Boston | education | Boston, MA |
| Breakthrough Houston | education | Houston, TX |
| Brookings Institution | government/public policy | remote |
| Brookings Institution | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| C.J Ford Private Investigations | communications/media | Anaheim, CA |
| Camp Seneca Lake | education | Penn Yan, NY |
| Campus Compact | social services | Des Moines, IA |
| Cato Institute | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Center for Advancing the American Dream | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Center for Constitutional Rights | law/legal services | New York, NY |
| Cerath | government/public policy | Accra, Ghana |
| Chicago Council on Global Affairs | government/public policy | remote |
| Chief Executives for Corporate Purpose | consulting | New York, NY |
| Chipper Cash | computing/technology | San Francisco, CA |
| City Council | government/public policy | Los Angeles, CA |
| City of Champaign Legal Department | law/legal services | Champaign, IL |
| City of Grinnell | government/public policy | Grinnell, IA |
| City Year | education | San Jose, CA |
| Colorado Nonprofit Legal Center | law/legal services | Denver, CO |
| Compulse | sales/marketing | Los Angeles, CA |
| Conard Environmental Research Area | environment/sustainability | Kellogg, IA |
| Consilient Research | research/science | remote |
| Copper Box Band | creative/performing arts | Oshkosh, WI |
| Cory Booker 2020 | government/public policy | Newark, NJ |
| Council on Foreign Relations | government/public policy | remote |
| Cre8Lab | communications/media | remote |
| Cuidas | education | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Dash Arts | creative/performing arts | London, UK |
| Dawatek | research/science | Chicago, IL |
| Democratic Party of Georgia | government/public policy | Augusta, GA |
| Democratic Systems Inc. | government/public policy | remote |
| Denver City Council | government/public policy | Denver, CO |
| DOROT | social services | New York, NY |
| EEOC | law/legal services | Chicago, IL |
| Elizabeth Warren for President | government/public policy | Grinnell, IA |
| Ellis Legal, PC | law/legal services | Chicago, IL |
| Environmental Law & Policy Center | environment/sustainability | Des Moines, IA |
| Environmental Law Institute | research/science | Washington, DC |
| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission | law/legal services | Chicago, IL |
| Families USA | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Federal Public Defender's Office | law/legal services | Washington, DC |
| Flag Media Analytics | communications/media | remote |
| Foundation for Post Conflict Development | government/public policy | New York, NY |
| FTI Consulting | consulting | New York, NY |
| Fundação Estudar | business administration/management | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Gemspring Capital | finance | Westport, CT |
| Georgia Innocence Project | law/legal services | Atlanta, GA |
| Global Nomads Group | communications/media | remote |
| GLOW Foundation Global | communications/media | remote |
| Green Iowa AmeriCorps | environment/sustainability | Des Moines, IA |
| Grinnell Area Chamber of Commerce | business administration/management | Grinnell, IA |
| Grinnell Historical Museum | education | Grinnell, IA |
| Grinnell Office of Admissions | education | Grinnell, IA |
| Grinnell Prize | education | Grinnell, IA |
| Hanes Geo Components | business administration/management | Winston-Salem, NC |
| Harris County Office of Justice & Safety | government/public policy | Houston, TX |
| HopeWorks Camden | education | Camden, NJ |
| House of Commons | government/public policy | London, UK |
| Hudson Institute | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| The Human Rights Campaign | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Immigrant Allies | government/public policy | Marshalltown, IA |
| Immigrant Allies of Marshalltown | social services | Marshalltown, IA |
| Immigrant Legal Services | law/legal services | Salt Lake City, UT |
| The Immigration Project | law/legal services | Bloomington, IL |
| Institut des Métiers de l'Enseignement Supérieur | education | Nantes, France |
| Interlochen Performance Center for the Arts | creative/performing arts | Interlochen, MI |
| International Rescue Committee | communications/media | Des Moines, IA |
| International Solar Energy Society | environment/sustainability | Freiburg, Germany |
| Iowa Center for Economic Success | finance | Des Moines, IA |
| Iowa Democratic Party | government/public policy | Des Moines, IA |
| Iowa Department for the Blind | education | Des Moines, IA |
| Iowa International Center | social services | Des Moines, IA |
| Iowa Legal Aid | law/legal services | Des Moines, IA |
| Irish Institute of Digital Business | research/science | Dublin, Ireland |
| Joe Vogel for Delegate | government/public policy | Annapolis, MD |
| John Delaney for President | government/public policy | Des Moines, IA |
| Jordan Health Aid Society | social services | Amman, Jordan |
| Julian Castro 2020 | government/public policy | Des Moines, IA |
| Justice Party of Korea | government/public policy | Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Kaarvan Crafts Foundation | research/science | Lahore, Pakistan |
| Kiira Motors Cooperation | computing/technology | Kampala, Uganda |
| Kisumu Department of Public Health | healthcare | Kisumu, Kenya |
| Korean IOC | government/public policy | PyeongChang, Republic of Korea |
| Latino Political Network | government/public policy | Des Moines, IA |
| Law Office of Jillian N. Kong-Sivert | law/legal services | Phoenix, AZ |
| Law Offices of Dayna Kelly, PLLC | law/legal services | Chapel Hill, NC |
| Levan Samkharauli National Forensics Bureau | research/science | Tbilisi, Georgia |
| Madrasati Initiative | education | Ajlun Governorate, Jordan |
| Mahaffey Law | law/legal services | Montezuma, IA |
| Makerere University College of Health Sciences | research/science | Kampala, Uganda |
| Mariposa DR Foundation | communications/media | Cabarete, Dominican Republic |
| Mayo Clinic | computing/technology | Rochester, MN |
| Mental Health Services Oversight & Accountability Commission | government/public policy | Sacramento, CA |
| Mid MN Legal Aid | law/legal services | Minneapolis, MN |
| Missouri Democratic Party | government/public policy | Lee's Summit, MO |
| Mujeres Unidas en Salud y Desarrollo | social services | San Ramón, Costa Rica |
| Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Puerto Rico | creative/performing arts | San Juan, PR |
| Museum at Eldridge Street | education | New York, NY |
| Mustard Seed Community Farm | environment/sustainability | Ames, IA |
| National Council on US-Arab Relations | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| National Patient Advocate Foundation | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Newsreel | communications/media | Hoboken, NJ |
| North Chicago Community Partners | social services | Lake Bluff, IL |
| Office of Adam Schiff, U.S. House of Representatives | government/public policy | Burbank, CA |
| Office of Cook County Commissioner Brandon Johnson | government/public policy | Chicago, IL |
| Office of Ron Wyden, U.S. Senate | government/public policy | Portland, OR |
| Office of Ron Wyden, U.S. Senate | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Office of Sheldon Whitehouse, U.S. Senate | government/public policy | Providence, RI |
| Office of the Director of National Intelligence | government/public policy | remote |
| Outfox AI | computing/technology | New York, NY |
| Outsider | communications/media | Nashville, TN |
| Pakistan Post | government/public policy | Islamabad, Pakistan |
| Par4Success | healthcare | Morrisville, NC |
| Partners for Education | education | Berea, KY |
| Period | healthcare | Portland, OR |
| Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | communications/media | Pittsburgh, PA |
| Polaris Inc. | computing/technology | Medina, MN |
| Providence Row | business administration/management | London, UK |
| PSCORE | government/public policy | Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Public Citizen | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Public Policy & International Affairs Fellowship Program | government/public policy | Ann Arbor, MI |
| Puerta Grande Law Firm, LLC | law/legal services | Minneapolis, MN |
| Quibbl | communications/media | New York, NY |
| RefugeeOne | social services | Chicago, IL |
| Regenerative Agriculture Foundation | computing/technology | Minneapolis, MN |
| Resources for Indigenous Empowerment & Survivors | social services | Meskwaki Settlement, IA |
| Rio Grande do Sul General Assembly | government/public policy | Porto Alegre, Brazil |
| Sababi Institute | research/science | remote |
| Sampro Samardžić & Son | data science/analytics | Belgrade, Serbia |
| San Francisco Board of Supervisors | government/public policy | San Francisco, CA |
| Save the Children | social services | Washington, DC |
| School of Arts & Textile for Garment Industry | education | Lahore, Pakistan |
| Spotivity | business administration/management | Chicago, IL |
| The Stimson Center | research/science | Washington, DC |
| Stranger's Guide | communications/media | Austin, TX |
| StriveTogether | education | Berea, KY |
| Students for Justice | government/public policy | remote |
| Super 7 Girls | education | Evanston, IL |
| The Swedish Program | communications/media | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Tallgrass Prairie Center | environment/sustainability | Cedar Falls, IA |
| Tech Coalition | communications/media | remote |
| Tedra Cobb for Congress | government/public policy | New York, NY |
| Theresa Greenfield for Iowa | government/public policy | Iowa City, IA |
| Tunnll | business administration/management | Barcelona, Spain |
| TurnUp | government/public policy | remote |
| TurnUp | law/legal services | remote |
| UBS | finance | Wuxi, China |
| United Nations Association | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| United States of Care | government/public policy | remote |
| United Way of Champaign County | social services | Champaign, IL |
| University of Nebraska | healthcare | Omaha, NE |
| U.S. Committee for Refugees & Immigrants | law/legal services | Des Moines, IA |
| U.S. Committee for Refugees & Immigrants | social services | Des Moines, IA |
| U.S. Department of State | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | data science/analytics | Washington, DC |
| U.S. District Court | law/legal services | Providence, RI |
| U.S. Embassy in Peru | government/public policy | Lima, Peru |
| U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission | government/public policy | Champaign, IL |
| U.S. House of Representatives | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| U.S. House of Representatives | government/public policy | West Chicago, IL |
| U.S. Public Interest Research Group | government/public policy | remote |
| USAID | government/public policy | remote |
| Valerie Wilson Travel Inc. | business administration/management | New York, NY |
| The Violence Project | social services | St. Paul, MN |
| VMLY&R Commerce | communications/media | Chicago, IL |
| Vote Smart | government/public policy | Des Moines, IA |
| Wallace Centers of Iowa | environment/sustainability | Des Moines, IA |
| We Build Agency | environment/sustainability | Chicago, IL |
| Wellmark Blue Cross & Blue Shield | computing/technology | Des Moines, IA |
| Wells Fargo | computing/technology | West Des Moines, IA |
| The White House | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| Wilmat Development Foundation | social services | Kampala, Uganda |
| Women LEAD Nepal | social services | Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Women's Foreign Policy Group | government/public policy | Washington, DC |
| World Relief | social services | Aurora, IL |
| Wright Beamer LLC | law/legal services | Farmington Hills, MI |
| Wyrd Armouries | creative/performing arts | Eden, NC |
| Yale University | education | New Haven, CT |
| Youth Initiative for Human Rights | social services | Pristina, Kosovo |
Research
38%
Political Science
Research Data
| Organization | Field | Location |
|---|---|---|
| American University | LGBTQ Identity in Serbia | Washington, DC |
| Boston University | biostatistics | Boston, MA |
| Clemson University | graph theory | remote |
| Clemson University | mathematics | remote |
| College Year in Athens | Greek immigration law and heritage | Athens, Greece |
| Dublin City University | Irish internet & social media use | Dublin, Ireland |
| Fields Institute | number theory | Toronto, Canada |
| Fields Institute | trace formulae | Toronto, Canada |
| Iowa State University | historical linguistics | Ames, IA |
| Johns Hopkins University | cancer biology | Baltimore, MD |
| PANDA Collaboration | particle physics | remote |
| Pomona College | mathematics | remote |
| Purdue University | large language models | remote |
| Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital | genome editing | Guangzhou, China |
| Tbilisi State Medical University | age-related inflammatory markers | Tbilisi, Georgia |
| The New School | Ukrainian conflict | New York, NY |
| The University of Hong Kong | international relations | remote |
| University of California | computational biology | Los Angeles, CA |
| University of Connecticut | optimal transport & fractal analysis | remote |
| University of Illinois | cybersecurity | remote |
| University of Kansas | mathematical modeling | Lawrence, KS |
| University of Michigan | clinical outcomes | Ann Arbor, MI |
| University of Michigan | genetics | Ann Arbor, MI |
| University of Nebraska | critical legal studies | Lincoln, NE |
| University of North Texas | deep learning | Denton, TX |
| University of Pennsylvania | biostatistics | Philadelphia, PA |
| University of Pennsylvania | nanorobotics | Philadelphia, PA |
| Washington University in St. Louis | magnetic fields | St. Louis, MO |
Service
82%
Off-Campus Study
60%